BEGINNERS AND INTERMEDIATE STUDENTS  HOW TO MAKE THEM SPEAK.

SPEAKING IS TAUGHT THROUGH THREE STAGES

ELICITING

1. The teacher uses this stage for not  talking too much.2. It helps the teacher to develop and guide the students estimulating learners to speak and made them field confidence in responding to specific questions or prompts.

     
RESTRICTED ORAL PRACTICE

  Learning a specific language structure requieres intensive practice.

üUse the eliciting techniques.üRepetition.üEcho questions.üQuestions and Answer.üSubstitutions.üCombining sentences.üChaining.

DEVELOPING ORAL FLUENCY
•Stimulate interest: use visual aids (pictures, cartoons drawings, videos, etc).•Personalize the topic relating it to students´experiences.
TYPES OF FLUENCY ACTIVITIES

•  Warm up activities and icebreakers: star a new  class by pairing up students and asking them to interview each other (5 minutes), and then they most introduce each other according to the information provided.

•    Dramatization and simulation.•    Debates.•    Dialogues.•    Interview.•    Role play.

 ADVANCED STUDENTS 

Advanced learners can generally communicate well, having learnt all the basic structures of the language. However, they need to broaden their vocabulary to express themselves more clearly and appropriately in a wide range of situations.For example: recognizing vocabulary, being able to pick out key words and syntactic patters, distinguishing the main idea from supporting details, recognize grammatical word classes etc.

1. Pre listening activities. They have the purpose of either providing or activating background knowledge (discussion of the topic, brainstorming, predicting content, guided questions).

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2. During listening activities. They have the purpose of helping students to develop the listening skills required for effective listening. They can be: filling blanks, following instructions, identifying specific information, taking notes.

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3. After listening activities. They have the purpose of checking comprehension. True/false questions. Paraphrasing. Writing letters, notes, etc. related to the content of the oral text. Summarizing. Expressing the main idea of an oral text. Discussing, dramatizing, etc.

    Advanced students need preparation and stimulus when writing. Express a particular meaning in different grammatical form. Convey links and connections between events and communicate such relations as main idea, supporting idea, new information, given information, generalization, and exemplification.

     Activities: Writing letters, biographies, proyects, future job or profession, note-taking,  fill in the blank , synonyms, antonyms, etc.

   Reading is a multifaceted process involving word recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation. There are three main strategies reading which we use in different situations:

1. Scanning: Reading quickly in order to find a specific point or item.

2.  Skimming: Reading quickly to get a general idea or what the text is about.

3. Reading for detail: Reading all of a particular text to find out specific information. Tips: Make it interactive using highlighting or note-taking to record important aspects.

How to teach beginners.

Teaching is a process that requires first of all recognize some important variables, take into account the characteristics of the students; like their age and their level, besides you must make a diagnostic to identify if they are real beginners or false beginners, remembering that the real beginners are those students that have not had contact with the language at all, and false beginners are those how have had a little contact with English.

According to the age the students are: children, teenagers, and adults.

According to the level:  beginner,  intermediate,  and advanced.

How to teach English first of all we must taught  basic grammar with the respective translation, so that the student will have some knowledge, after that will give them vocabulary  and there is when we began to practice the pronunciation (repetition drills) and make complete sentences, dialogues so that the students practice the grammar and pronunciation.

The second step will be given them some words so that they can make complete  and logical sentences, also sentences where they will choose the word or fill the blank  with the correct word. Is important for the beginners to practice the pronunciation every time they can out of the classroom, listening to music or watching tv or movies in English.

Create situations where the students are obligated to speak English no matter if is just asking permission to come in to the classroom or to get out of it. Some strategies used in this level will be: repetition drills, field in the blank, choose the correct words, organize the words in the sentence, collaborative tasks, role play, dialogues.